What are the possible alternative routes to the Black Sea for Ukrainian wheat exports? Analysis of rail and inland waterway options
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- On 24 February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. As a result of this invasion, exports of Ukrainian wheat via the Black Sea came to a halt, jeopardising food security in certain countries as well as the affordability of wheat on the market. In this work, possible wheat export alternatives will be studied. Solutions by rail and inland waterway will be considered. We will detail the routes and analyse the possible costs and export volumes. Finally, the limitations of these routes will be discussed. We will finish by concluding which of the alternatives is the best and raise the questions that still need to be answered in order to complete this model.