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Coupling of Carnot batteries with electrolysers: using a dual-source heat pump to enhance profitability

Collot, Mathis
(2024)

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Collot_09321900_2024.pdf
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Details

Supervisors
Contino, Francesco
Faculty
Ecole polytechnique de Louvain
Degree label
Master [120] : ingénieur civil mécanicien, à finalité spécialisée
Abstract
In the future, limiting greenhouse gas emissions will be crucial. To address this, there is a strong emphasis on green production methods. For industrial processes that generate waste heat, integrating a Carnot battery with thermal integration (i.e., TI-PTES) appears to be a promising and pertinent choice. However, the main challenge is the current inability of TI-PTES to generate sufficient electricity to make their use economically viable. The main objective of this master thesis was to increase the energy and economic profitability of a Carnot battery coupled to an industrial process (i.e., electrolyser) that rejects a limited amount of waste heat and is powered exclusively by a renewable energy source. To meet this objective, we set out to demonstrated that a Dual-source heat pump (DSHP) could be a viable solution. An analysis and comparison of several promising DSHP was conducted to select the most energy-efficient one. Subsequently, an energetic and economic comparison of the coupling in its ideal configuration (i.e., DSHP with the highest COP) was carried out to assess the competitiveness of a Carnot battery compared to a lithium battery and a fuel cell. The DSHP configuration with the highest COP was the series connection of two DSHPs with open economizers. The energy comparison showed that the Carnot battery was close to the lithium battery in low demand scenarios. Economically, CAPEX in the range of [500;557] €/kW, [8;9.3] €/kWh, and [600;755] €/kW for the HP, TES and ORC respectively are needed to match the production cost of a lithium battery. While the results do not definitively determine the real profitability of the coupling, they identify the DSHP configurations that should be favored to improve the production rate and outline the CAPEX targets for the Carnot battery components needed to compete economically.