What role will nuclear energy play in the energy mix in 2050 ?

Details

Supervisors

Carlos Desmet

Faculty

Louvain School of Management

Degree label

Master [120] : ingénieur de gestion, à finalité spécialisée

Abstract

Fossil fuels have been extensively used by humans since the industrial revolution, which raises greenhouse gas levels and causes global warming. It is crucial to assess the existing energy mix and to have a more sustainable energy mix in the next years to limit global warming. The role of nuclear energy in this combination is up for discussion since it provides a consistent, non-intermittent energy source without the release of greenhouse gases. This energy source has several drawbacks, including the waste it generates, the dangers it poses, and the unpredictability of its cost. This work intends to examine the role of nuclear power in the various IEA scenarios as well as how the public and various nations have perceived nuclear power throughout time. Then it will examine the various nuclear reactor generations and their current locations. Finally, this thesis will outline every risk associated with nuclear energy and the precautions taken to prevent them. This thesis demonstrates that nuclear energy will be a component of the energy mix in 2050. Indeed, when we analyze public opinion, we find that it fluctuates significantly over time, but that it has become overwhelmingly positive in recent years. In addition, we observe a desire and the beginnings of reflection on the part of various nations for a more sustainable future. Nevertheless, based on the current situation, the projected investments in the various scenarios and the development of new technologies appear extremely optimistic. This paper emphasizes that nuclear power is not a risk-free technology, but that this risk is limited by the fact that it is always considered. Despite all the progress and plans in place, nuclear power's greatest obstacles continue to be waste, decommissioning costs, and industrial economic risk. Finally, it should be noted that in view of the unstable geopolitical situation, war can become a threat to nuclear power plants.