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Influence of Health Literacy and Cultural Differences on Protective Behaviours During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Transcultural Study

Francia, Léa
(2022)

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Francia_15321700_2022.pdf
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Details

Supervisors
Van den Broucke, Stephan ; Agrigoroaei, Stefan
Faculty
Faculté de psychologie, logopédie, sexologie et des sciences de la famille
Degree label
Master [120] en sciences psychologiques, à finalité approfondie
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the impact of cultural background and health literacy, defined as the ability to find, understand, appraise, and use health information, on willingness to vaccination and adherence to protective behaviours during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: A comparative, cross-sectional questionnaire study was held among participants from two culturally different countries: Belgium and Peru. Convenience sampling was applied to recruit participants (N=637, 226 Peruvians and 411 Belgians) who completed an online questionnaire measuring health literacy (HLS-Q, Pelikan et al., 2018), vaccination literacy, adherence to recommended preventive behaviours against Covid-19, confidence in vaccination, community engagement, and socio-demographic characteristics. Correlations between variables were calculated and Mann-Whitney tests were performed to compare Peruvian and Belgian samples. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the influence of health literacy and social factors on protective behaviours and confidence in vaccination. Results: Correlations between variables showed good convergent validity. Peruvians scored significantly higher than Belgians on all variables except for the level of health literacy. Linear regressions showed a significant relationship of age, purchasing power, health literacy, perceived usefulness of measures, social motivations, and community engagement with adherence to recommended protective behaviours (R² = .45) and confidence in vaccination (R²= .36). Separate regression analyses per country showed different contributions of the various determinants. Conclusion: The determinants of adherence to protective behaviours against Covid-19 and confidence in vaccination differ by culture. In Peru, the social motivations and perceived usefulness of the norms are the strongest predictors of adherence to recommended behaviours, while in Belgium purchasing power, health and vaccination literacy are significant contributors as well. Willingness to vaccination is best explained by purchasing power, health and vaccination literacy and perceived usefulness for Peruvians, but also by age and education level for Belgians.