The Complementarity of Corporate Sustainability and Innovation: Evidence from the Pharmaceutical Industry
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- In this study, the complementary relationship between corporate sustainability and firm-level innovation is analyzed. Both the impact of CSR on firm-level innovation and the impact of innovation on CSR is extensively studied and empirically tested in the pharmaceutical industry, using a dataset of 126 listed pharmaceutical companies. A conceptual model explaining the potential mutually reinforcing relationship between the CSR-Innovation concepts was developed. This theoretical understanding highlights the three ways CSR is expected to influence innovation and the four ways firm-level innovation can foster CSR adoption and performance. Afterward, a theoretical framework was created to test the positive relationship between the two concepts. Corporate sustainability was proxied by a firm’s ESG score, and innovation was holistically measured by six metrics. Through statistical analysis, evidence for all five hypotheses was found. This empirically proves a positive relationship between the two concepts, with a strong indication of a potential mutually reinforcing relationship in a high-innovation industry like the pharmaceutical sector. This research supports the business case of CSR by providing new evidence of the strategic value of CSR on firm-level innovation.