Utilisation d'indicateurs morphologiques pour définir des règles de dimensionnement de planchers composés de grumes
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- In today's constructions, wood has a difficult time imposing itself compared to other materials such as concrete or steel. This is, among other things, due to its cost. Indeed, the numerous transformations necessary to obtain, for example, a glued laminated beam from a tree trunk, make it economically less interesting. However, the use of this natural material could help reduce the construction sector's impact on the carbon footprint. In order to reduce the ecological impact, the idea is to use logs: tree trunks that have undergone very little transformation. Moreover, to make wood competitive with other materials, it is essential to use it in the best way possible. The first goal of this thesis is to offer tools to optimize the volume of material needed. A similar analysis has been performed in a previous paper, but neglecting the dead weight. The interest here is to study the impact of the dead weight on the results obtained during the optimization of a simple flexural beam, a classical floor and a reciprocal floor. This optimization is done using the theory of morphological indicators which is based on adimensional numbers. The latter are expressed directly from the parameters of the studied situation, which makes it possible to obtain a universal result valid for other similar structures without having to start the analysis from the beginning. In a second step, this work develops tools allowing to compare several strength classes in terms of material volume and structure weight. These tools then allow to directly link the information to a notion of price, which can help to choose the most appropriate strength class. Finally, numerical models allowing the generation and calculation of reciprocal structures are presented.