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Metasurface antennas for radar applications

Dessy, Jonathan
(2023)

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Details

Supervisors
Craeye, Christophe
Faculty
Ecole polytechnique de Louvain
Degree label
Master [120] : ingénieur civil électricien, à finalité spécialisée
Abstract
enMetasurface (MTS) antennas consist of a dielectric slab on which periodically sub-wavelength metal patterns of varying size and orientation are printed. A feeder is located inside the substrate, and generates a surface wave (SW) that is progressively perturbed by the slow spatial variation in the shapes of the patches. That perturbation generates leaky waves (LW), potentially producing a well controlled radiation pattern. MTS antennas have the advantage to be flat and easy to manufacture, which makes them a very attractive technology for many wireless applications. In particular, this master thesis is devoted to the analysis and design of metasurface-based sparse-array antennas with a limited number of feeds. The goal is to propose an alternative and more efficient technology to phased arrays, for beam scanning applications. The proposed antenna would have a wider feed spacing, resulting in a lighter and less power-consuming antenna. This would be an innovative technology for many radar applications, such as traffic radars or synthetic aperture radars (SAR) for Earth observation. This master thesis first shows how the Method of Moments (MoM) can be used to solve the electric field integral equation (EFIE) for the current distribution on the antenna. To that aim, the MTS can accurately be modeled by a surface sheet impedance. The analysis is first carried out in one dimension for finite antennas, and is then extended to infinite periodic antennas. Then, the design of one-dimensional antennas is performed. The goal is to optimize the surface impedance of the antenna such that it radiates a desired radiation pattern. Finally, the previous methodology for the analysis of one-dimensional antennas is extended to two-dimensional antennas. It is an essential step towards the design of more realistic antennas that can be manufactured.