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Mycorrhizal association dynamics between Rhizophagus irregularis and Manihot esculenta in a context of African Cassava Mosaic Virus infection

Wasnaire, Jordan
(2022)

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Details

Supervisors
Declerck, Stephan ; Hols, Pascal
Faculty
Faculté des sciences
Degree label
Master [120] en biochimie et biologie moléculaire et cellulaire, à finalité approfondie
Abstract
M. esculenta is a crop culture, particularly resistant to drought and mainly cultivated in tropical regions, where it is the third calory source, after rice and corn. Cassava culture, however, is threatened by the cassava mosaic disease, caused by viruses from the begomovirus genus, including the African Cassava Mosaic Virus. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are soil micro-organism that are known to establish an association with the roots of more than 80% of land plants, including numerous important crop species including cassava. This association has been extensively studied and demonstrated to promote plant nutrition and growth and to enhance tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. In this master thesis, the impact of inoculation of the ACMV, mycorrhization by Rhizophagus irregularis and the in vitro conditions on the growth of M. esculenta is studied. The in vitro condition, even though hard-work demanding, allows to study the impact of several parameters on a system, and the exclusion of the impact of other potential cofounding factors. For this purpose, the ACMV impact on the root colonization by the AMF and leaves symptoms have been investigated, and the expression of two types of genes, SWEETs genes and thiamine biosynthesis-related genes have been quantified. Besides, an evaluation of the eccDNA landscape in R. irregularis and M. esculenta have been realized. We showed that ACMV, when inoculated after mycorrhization establishment, does not affect the AMF root colonization, as mycorrhized and non-mycorrhized plants showed equivalent colonization parameters. We also showed that mycorrhization in in vitro conditions lead to a stunted growth and to an alteration of the expression pattern of SWEET genes of M. esculenta. In addition, the plants in our in vitro systems had an unexpected expression of thiamine biosynthesis-related genes.