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Wiame_23472100_2024.pdf
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- This master dissertation focuses on the characterization of bacteriophages (a.k.a. phages) specifically capable of infecting species of the genus Xanthomonas, phytopathogenic bacteria responsible for major agricultural losses worldwide. The study provides an in-depth analysis of several phages isolated from various samples, including Wale, Lackness, Mobi and Nemos, which demonstrated high efficacy in targeting and killing these bacteria while remaining stable under different environmental conditions, such as different ranges of temperature, pH and salt concentrations. Results indicate that these phages retain their lytic or lysogenic activity even under extreme conditions, although some limitations were observed, notably with regard to their sensitivity to highly acidic or basic pH levels and prolonged exposure to high temperatures. These characteristics suggest a strong potential for the use of these phages as biocontrol agents against Xanthomonas in various agricultural contexts. Experiments on the host range of the phages Wale, Mobi, Nemos, Nautil and Lackness against Xanthomonas spp. revealed variability in infectivity. Wale and Lackness, which have a broad host range and high lytic activity, are promising for biocontrol strategies, while Mobi, Nemos and Nautil showed potential lysogenic cycles, which may limit their efficacy. The similarities between Nemos and Nautil are probably due to their common origin. In summary, this research not only extends the collection of Xanthomonas-specific phages, but also highlights their potential as promising alternatives to traditional methods of plant disease control. In a context where resistance to antibiotics and pesticides is a growing concern, these phages offer an innovative and targeted solution to enhance global food security.