Distributed IoT current monitoring for optimization of overhead contact lines in rail transportation

Details

Supervisors

Bol, David

Faculty

Ecole polytechnique de Louvain

Degree label

Master [120] : ingénieur civil électromécanicien, à finalité spécialisée: mécatronique

Abstract

The rapid development of IoT technology has opened opportunities for monitoring applications in both industry and the domestic sector. The rail industry is no stranger to this trend, and is exploring the use of these technologies to monitor rail networks and meet the challenges in both overhead line failures and maintenance costs. In 2021, TUC RAIL, Infrabel, and UCLouvain initiated a research project to develop an IoT monitoring solution in overhead lines. In this context, the monitoring of the current distribution in overhead lines was identified as a key application with potential implications for optimising design and use. A better understanding of current distribution can help to evaluate the contribution of equipotential connectors to overhead lines’ efficiency. This could lead to overhead line design enhancement. Furthermore, the introduction of a local current sensor might suggest additional applications for overhead lines, such as defrosting through self-heating or power conveyance for electric vehicle chargers. This could lead to usage optimisation of overhead lines. This Master’s thesis has lead to the realisation of a complete current distribution monitoring system. It covers sensor selection, hardware and mechanical design, and software development, resulting in a sensor that is resistant to outdoor conditions and high voltage grounding. The system underwent tests in laboratories and on operational overhead lines. For the operational tests, a specific installation system and process were designed, alongside a LoRaWAN data transmission method. The designed system measures currents up to 1350A with an accuracy of 2.5%, achieved by considering effects from varying catenary conditions like temperature, humidity, and wear. Finally, electrical simulations of the overhead lines, which consider droppers, feeders, and equipotential connections, were implemented. These simulations allow comparison between theoretical and measured current distribution, assisting in the detection of measurement anomalies.