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Classification of symptoms and risk factors of Post COVID-19 condition: a longitudinal study in the Belgian population

Nayani, Sarah
(2022)

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Nayani_44481400_2022.pdf
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Details

Supervisors
Smith, Pierre
Faculty
Faculté de santé publique
Degree label
Master [120] en sciences de la santé publique, à finalité spécialisée
Abstract
Background: In 2020, the world was struck by the appearance of a new pathogen, named the Novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, most research has focused on the pathophysiology and management of the acute symptoms of COVID-19, yet some people tend to experience symptoms beyond the acute phase of infection, that is, Post COVID-19 condition (PCC). However, evidence on the prevalence of PCC, its symptoms, and mechanisms are still scarce. This study aimed to assess the distribution, patterns of symptoms, and associated factors of PCC in adults with confirmed COVID-19 infection in Belgium. Methods: This is a longitudinal cohort study of Belgian adult population with recent COVID-19 infection confirmed via a molecular test and systematically recruited via tracing call centers. A total of 3127 people were followed up using online questionnaires at the time of their infection and 3 months later. Their physical, social, and mental health was evaluated as well as their acute COVID-19 symptoms and potential persistent symptoms of PCC. These different variables were self-reported. Results: Half of the participants reported PCC (49.6%) and the most frequent symptoms 3 months after infection were fatigue, headache, and memory problems. Women , people with a lower level of education, with obesity, with a chronic disease, with a higher number of acute COVID-19 symptoms or those who have been hospitalized during the acute COVID-19 phase were more likely to report PCC. Finally, a latent class analysis on the 30 PCC symptoms highlighted 3 different classes of symptoms. Conclusions: With the growing number of people infected with COVID-19, PCC is becoming an important public health issue. To allow people with PCC to recover, it is essential to have a multidisciplinary approach and to provide early post-acute physical and psychological rehabilitation interventions depending on symptoms patterns.